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basal$7046$ - traduction vers grec
![''[[Amborella trichopoda]]'', the most basal extant angiosperm](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Amborella2.jpg?width=200 "''[[Amborella trichopoda]]'', the most basal extant angiosperm")
![Relationship of biogeography and phylogeny of bat superfamily [[Noctilionoidea]] inferred from nuclear DNA sequence data, showing the basal position of the Malagasy family [[Myzopodidae]]. Locations with only fossil members are indicated by red stars.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Noctilionoidea phylogeny PLoS ONE 2014-02-04.png?width=200 "Relationship of biogeography and phylogeny of bat superfamily [[Noctilionoidea]] inferred from nuclear DNA sequence data, showing the basal position of the Malagasy family [[Myzopodidae]]. Locations with only fossil members are indicated by red stars.")
![The [[phylogenetic tree]] of marsupials derived from [[retroposon]] data shows the basal position of South American [[Didelphimorphia]] within [[Marsupialia]], and the basal position of South American ''[[Dromiciops]]'' within otherwise Australasian [[Australidelphia]].<ref name = "Nilsson2010"/>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Phylogenetic tree of marsupials derived from retroposon data - journal.pbio.1000436.g002.png?width=200 "The [[phylogenetic tree]] of marsupials derived from [[retroposon]] data shows the basal position of South American [[Didelphimorphia]] within [[Marsupialia]], and the basal position of South American ''[[Dromiciops]]'' within otherwise Australasian [[Australidelphia]].<ref name = \"Nilsson2010\"/>")
Définition
Wikipédia
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to the root are not more closely related to the root than any other extant taxa.
While there must always be two or more equally "basal" clades sprouting from the root of every cladogram, those clades may differ widely in taxonomic rank, species diversity, or both. If C is a basal clade within D that has the lowest rank of all basal clades within D, C may be described as the basal taxon of that rank within D. The concept of a 'key innovation' implies some degree of correlation between evolutionary innovation and diversification. However, such a correlation does not make a given case predicable, so ancestral characters should not be imputed to the members of a less species-rich basal clade without additional evidence.
In general, clade A is more basal than clade B if B is a subgroup of the sister group of A or of A itself. Within large groups, "basal" may be used loosely to mean 'closer to the root than the great majority of', and in this context terminology such as "very basal" may arise. A 'core clade' is a clade representing all but the basal clade(s) of lowest rank within a larger clade; e.g., core eudicots. Of course, no extant taxon is closer to the root than any other, by definition.
